Oomatshini bokukrola be-CNC banezakhono kumatshini ochanekileyo ngezixhobo ezincinci kwaye banamandla okugaya, ukugaya, ukugrumba, kunye nokucofa ngesantya esiphezulu.Zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezifana neshishini le-3C, ishishini lokungunda, kunye neshishini lezonyango.Eli nqaku liqokelela imibuzo eqhelekileyo malunga nokukrolwa kweCNC.
Ngowuphi umahluko ophambili phakathi komkrolo we-CNC kunye ne-CNC yokusila?
Zombini iinkqubo zokukrola ze-CNC kunye ne-CNC zisebenzisa imigaqo yokugaya.Umahluko ophambili ulele kwidayamitha yesixhobo esisetyenziswayo, kunye noluhlu lwedayamitha yesixhobo esisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-CNC yokusila ukusuka kwi-6 ukuya kwi-40 millimeters, ngelixa i-diameter yesixhobo se-CNC yokukrola ukusetyenzwa isuka kwi-0.2 ukuya kwi-3 millimeters.
Ngaba ukucola kwe-CNC kunokusetyenziswa kuphela kumatshini orhabaxa, ngelixa ukrolo lwe-CNC lunokusetyenziswa kuphela kumatshini ochanekileyo?
Phambi kokuba siphendule lo mbuzo, masiqale siqonde ingqikelelo yenkqubo.Umthamo wokucutshungulwa komatshini orhabaxa mkhulu, ngelixa umthamo wokusetyenzwa komatshini ochanekileyo umncinci, ke abanye abantu bahlala becinga ukuba machining arhabaxa "njengokusikwa okunzima" kunye nomatshini ochanekileyo "njengokusikwa okulula".Ngapha koko, ukwenziwa komatshini okurhabaxa, ukuchaneka kwesiqingatha semichini, kunye nokuchaneka komatshini ziikhonsepthi zenkqubo ezimele izigaba ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenzwa.Ke, impendulo echanekileyo kulo mbuzo kukuba i-CNC milling inokwenza ukusika okunzima okanye ukusika okulula, ngelixa ukukrola kwe-CNC kunokwenza ukusika okulula.
Ngaba inkqubo yokukrola ye-CNC ingasetyenziselwa ukwenziwa ngokurhabaxa kwezixhobo zentsimbi?
Ukujonga ukuba ukukrolwa kwe-CNC kunokuqhuba imathiriyeli ethile ikakhulu kuxhomekeke ekubeni sikhulu kangakanani isixhobo esinokusetyenziswa.Izixhobo zokusika ezisetyenzisiweyo kwi-CNC yokukrola ukusetyenzwa zinquma ubukhulu bayo bokusika.Ukuba imilo yokubumba ivumela ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezinobubanzi obudlula iimilimitha ezi-6, kucetyiswa ngamandla ukuba uqale usebenzise i-CNC yokusila kwaye usebenzise ukukrola ukususa izinto eziseleyo.
Ngaba ukongeza isantya esonyukayo sentloko kwi-spindle yeziko lomatshini le-CNC eligqibezela ukukrolwa?
Ayikwazanga ukugqiba.Le mveliso yabonakala kumboniso kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, kodwa kwakungenakwenzeka ukugqiba inkqubo yokukrola.Esona sizathu siphambili kukuba uyilo lwamaziko omatshini e-CNC luthathela ingqalelo uluhlu lwawo lwesixhobo, kwaye ulwakhiwo lulonke alufanelekanga ukusetyenzwa ngokukrolwa.Esona sizathu siphambili sale ngcamango iphosakeleyo kukuba baye bacinga ukuba intambo yokusonta yombane enesantya esiphezulu iyona nto inye yomatshini wokukrola.
Zeziphi izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela ukukrola ukukrola?
Ukucutshungulwa komatshini yinkqubo enzima kakhulu, kwaye kukho izinto ezininzi ezichaphazelayo, ngokukodwa kubandakanywa oku kulandelayo: iimpawu zesixhobo somatshini, izixhobo zokusika, iinkqubo zokulawula, iimpawu eziphathekayo, iteknoloji yokucubungula, izixhobo ezincedisayo kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Ziziphi iimfuno zenkqubo yolawulo kwi-CNC yokukrola ukusetyenzwa?
CNC ekrola processing ngokuyintloko kusetyenzwa lokusila, ngoko ke inkqubo yolawulo kufuneka ube nesakhono sokulawula ukusetyenzwa.Kwisixhobo esincinci somatshini, umsebenzi we-feedforward kufuneka unikezwe ukucothisa umendo kwangaphambili kunye nokunciphisa ukuphindaphindeka kokuqhekeka kwesixhobo.Kwangaxeshanye, kuyimfuneko ukunyusa isantya sokusika kumacandelo endlela egudileyo, ukwenzela ukuba kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kokukrolwa kwemifanekiso.
Ziziphi iimpawu zezinto eziya kuchaphazela ukusetyenzwa?
Izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela ukusebenza kokukrolwa kwezinto luhlobo lwezinto eziphathekayo, ukuqina, kunye nokuqina.Iindidi zezinto eziphathekayo zibandakanya izinto zetsimbi kunye nezinto ezingezo zetsimbi.Ngokubanzi, okukhona ukuqina kokuqina, kokukhona ukusebenza kubi, ngelixa i-viscosity iphezulu, kokukhona ukusebenza kubi.Ukungcola ngakumbi, kubi kakhulu ukusebenza, kunye nobunzima obukhulu bamasuntswana ngaphakathi kwezinto, okukhokelela ekusebenzeni kakubi.Umgangatho oqhelekileyo ngulo: uphezulu umxholo wekhabhoni, kokukhona ukusebenza kubi, kokukhona umxholo wealloyi uphezulu, kokukhona ukusebenza kubi, kwaye okukhona kumxholo wento engeyiyo eyentsimbi, kokukhona ukusebenza kakuhle (kodwa umxholo ongeyontsimbi ngokubanzi. izinto eziphathekayo zilawulwa ngokungqongqo).
Ziziphi izinto ezifanelekileyo zokulungisa ukukrola?
Izinto ezingezizo isinyithi ezilungele ukukrolwa ziquka iglasi ephilayo, intlaka, umthi, njl. Izinto ezingezizo ezentsimbi ezingafanelanga ukukrolwa ziquka ibhastile yendalo, iglasi, njl njl. Izinto zentsimbi ezifanelekileyo zokukrola ziquka ubhedu, ialuminiyam, kunye nentsimbi ethambileyo enobulukhuni obungaphantsi kwe-HRC40 , ngelixa izinto ezingafanelekanga zetsimbi zokukrola ziquka intsimbi ecinyiweyo, njl.
Iyintoni impembelelo yesixhobo sokusika ngokwayo kwinkqubo yomatshini kwaye ichaphazela njani?
Izinto zesixhobo sokusika ezichaphazela ukusetyenzwa komkroli ziquka izixhobo zesixhobo, iiparamitha zejometri, kunye neteknoloji yokugaya.Isixhobo sokusika esisetyenzisiweyo kwi-carving processing yi-hard alloy material, eyi-powder alloy.Isalathisi somsebenzi oyintloko omisela ukusebenza kwezinto eziphathekayo ngumlinganiselo ophakathi komgubo.I-diameter encinci, kokukhona isixhobo siyakwazi ukunxiba, kwaye ukuphakama kwesixhobo kuya kuba njalo.Ulwazi olungakumbi lwenkqubo ye-NC lujolise kwi-akhawunti esemthethweni ye-WeChat (i-NC programming teaching) ukufumana isifundo.Ubukhali besixhobo buchaphazela kakhulu amandla okusika.Okukhona isixhobo sibukhali, kokukhona sisezantsi amandla okusika, kokukhona sicutshungulwa kakuhle, kwaye siphezulu umgangatho womphezulu, kodwa kokukhona kusezantsi ukuqina kwesixhobo.Ngoko ke, ubukhali obuhlukeneyo kufuneka kukhethwe xa kusenziwa izinto ezahlukeneyo.Xa kusetyenzwa izinto ezithambileyo nezincangathi, kuyimfuneko ukulola isixhobo sokusika.Xa ubunzima bezinto ezicwangcisiweyo ziphezulu, ubukhali kufuneka buncitshiswe ukuphucula ukuqina kwesixhobo sokusika.Kodwa ayinakuba buhlungu kakhulu, ngaphandle koko amandla okusika aya kuba makhulu kakhulu kwaye achaphazele umatshini.Eyona nto iphambili ekusileni isixhobo bubungakanani bemesh yevili lokusila elichanekileyo.Ivili lokugaya i-mesh ephezulu inokuvelisa imiphetho yokusika, iphucule ngokufanelekileyo ukuqina kwesixhobo sokusika.Amavili okusila anesayizi ephezulu ye-mesh inokuvelisa indawo egudileyo yeflank, enokuphucula umgangatho womphezulu wokusika.
Ithini ifomula yobomi besixhobo?
Ubomi besixhobo bubhekisa ikakhulu kubomi besixhobo ngexesha lokusetyenzwa kwezixhobo zetsimbi.Ifomula yobungqina yile: (T bubomi besixhobo, i-CT yiparamitha yobomi, i-VC yisantya somgca wokusika, f bubunzulu bokusika kwi-revolution nganye, kunye ne-P bunzulu bokusika).Isantya somgca wokusika sinempembelelo enkulu kubomi besixhobo.Ukongeza, ukuphuma kweradial kwesixhobo, umgangatho wokugaya isixhobo, izixhobo zokusebenza kunye nokugquma, kunye nokupholisa kunokuchaphazela ukuqina kwesixhobo.
Indlela yokukhusela izixhobo zoomatshini bokukrola ngexesha lokucubungula?
I-1) Khusela isixhobo sokumisela isixhobo kwi-oil overrosion.
2) Nika ingqalelo ekulawuleni inkunkuma endizayo.Inkunkuma ebhabhayo ibeka isoyikiso esikhulu kwisixhobo somatshini.Ukubhabha kwikhabhinethi yokulawula umbane kunokubangela isiphaluka esifutshane, kwaye ukubhabha kumzila wesikhokelo kunokunciphisa ixesha lokuphila le-screw kunye nesikhokelo sikaloliwe.Ngoko ke, ngexesha lokucubungula, iindawo eziphambili zesixhobo somatshini kufuneka zitywinwe ngokufanelekileyo.
3) Xa uhambisa ukukhanya, musa ukutsala isibane sesibane njengoko singonakalisa ngokulula isibane sesibane.
I-4) Ngethuba lenkqubo yokucoca, ungasondeli kwindawo yokusika ukuze ukhangele ukuphepha ukungcola okubhabhayo okungonakalisa amehlo.Xa i-spindle motor ijikeleza, ayivumelekanga ukwenza nawuphi na umsebenzi kwi-workbench.
5) Xa uvula kwaye uvala umnyango wesixhobo somatshini, musa ukuwuvula ngenkani okanye ukuwuvala.Ngexesha lokuchaneka ngokuchanekileyo, impembelelo kunye nokungcangcazela ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvula umnyango kunokubangela iimpawu zeemela kwindawo ecutshungulwayo.
6) Ukunika isantya sokusonta kwaye emva koko uqalise ukucutshungulwa, kungenjalo ngenxa yokucotha kokuqalisa kwe-spindle, isantya esifunwayo asinakufikelelwa ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe ukusetyenzwa, okubangela ukuba imoto ifuthaniseleke.
7) Akuvunyelwe ukubeka naziphi na izixhobo okanye izixhobo zokusebenza kwi-crossbeam yesixhobo somatshini.
8) Akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukubeka izixhobo zamagnetic ezifana neekomityi zokufunxa kazibuthe kunye nezibambi ze-dial gauge kwikhabhinethi yokulawula umbane, njengoko oku kunokonakalisa umboniso.
Yintoni umsebenzi wokusika ulwelo?
Nika ingqalelo ekongezeni ioli yokupholisa ngexesha lokucubungula isinyithi.Umsebenzi wenkqubo yokupholisa kukususa ubushushu bokusika kunye ne-flying debris, ukubonelela nge-lubrication yomatshini.Isipholisa siya kuhambisa ibhanti lokusika, ukunciphisa ubushushu obudluliselwe kwisixhobo sokusika kunye nemoto, kunye nokuphucula ubomi babo benkonzo.Susa inkunkuma ebhabhayo ukunqanda ukusika okwesibini.Ukuthanjiswa kunokunciphisa amandla okusika kwaye kwenze ukuba oomatshini bazinze ngakumbi.Ekuqhutyweni kobhedu, ukusetyenziswa kwe-oily cutting fluid kunokuphucula umgangatho ophezulu.
Ngawaphi amanqanaba okunxiba izixhobo?
Ukunxiba kwezixhobo zokusika kunokwahlulwa zibe ngamanqanaba amathathu: ukunxiba kokuqala, ukunxiba okuqhelekileyo, kunye nokunxiba okubukhali.Kwinqanaba lokuqala lokugqoka, esona sizathu sibalulekileyo sokugqoka isixhobo kukuba ukushisa kwesixhobo kuphantsi kwaye akufikeleli kubushushu obuphezulu bokusika.Ngeli xesha, isixhobo sokunxiba sisona sinxibo esine-abrasive, esinempembelelo enkulu kwisixhobo.Ulwazi olungakumbi lweprogram ye-NC lugxile kwi-akhawunti esemthethweni ye-WeChat (i-digital control programming teaching) ukufumana i-tutorial, ekulula ukubangela ukuphulwa kwesixhobo.Eli nqanaba liyingozi kakhulu, kwaye ukuba aliphathwa kakuhle, linokukhokelela ngokuthe ngqo ekwaphukeni kwesixhobo kunye nokusilela.Xa isixhobo sidlula ixesha lokuqala lokugqoka kunye nobushushu bokusika bufikelela kwixabiso elithile, eyona nto inxibayo i-diffusion wear, eyona nto ibangela i-peeling yendawo.Ke, ukunxiba kuncinci kwaye kucotha.Xa isambatho sifikelela kwinqanaba elithile, isixhobo siyaba singasebenzi kwaye singena kwixesha lokugqoka ngokukhawuleza.
Kutheni kwaye kufuneka ziqhutywe njani izixhobo zokusika?
Sikhankanye ngasentla ukuba ngexesha lokuqala lokugqoka, isixhobo sixhomekeke ekuphukeni.Ukuze sigweme isiganeko sokuphuka, kufuneka siqhube kwisixhobo.Kancinci ukwandisa ukushisa kwesixhobo kwiqondo lokushisa elifanelekileyo.Emva kokuqinisekiswa kovavanyo, uthelekiso lwenziwe kusetyenziswa iiparamitha zokucubungula ezifanayo.Kuyabonakala ukuba emva kokubaleka ngaphakathi, ubomi besixhobo bunyuke ngokuphindwe kabini.
Indlela yokuqhuba kukunciphisa isantya sokutya ngesiqingatha ngelixa ugcina isantya esifanelekileyo se-spindle, kwaye ixesha lokucubungula malunga nemizuzu emi-5-10.Xa ulungisa izinto ezithambileyo, thatha ixabiso elincinci, kwaye xa ulungisa iintsimbi ezinzima, thatha ixabiso elikhulu.
Indlela yokumisela izixhobo ezinzima?
Indlela yokumisela izixhobo ezinzima kakhulu yile:
1) Mamela isandi sokulungisa kwaye wenze umnxeba onzima;
2) Ukuphulaphula isandi se-spindle, kukho into ebonakalayo ye-spindle ebambe umva;
3) Ukuziva ukuba i-vibration iyanda ngexesha lokucubungula, kwaye kukho ukungcangcazela okucacileyo kwi-spindle yesixhobo somatshini;
I-4) Ngokusekelwe kwimpembelelo yokucubungula, iphethini ye-blade ephantsi esetyenzisiweyo ingaba yinto enhle okanye embi (ukuba oku kunjalo ekuqaleni, kubonisa ukuba ubunzulu bokusika bunzulu kakhulu).
Ndiyitshintshe nini imela?
Kufuneka sitshintshe isixhobo malunga ne-2/3 yomda wobomi besixhobo.Umzekelo, ukuba isixhobo sivaleka kakhulu kwaye sikrazukile kwimizuzu engama-60, inkqubo elandelayo kufuneka iqale ukutshintsha isixhobo kwimizuzu engama-40 kwaye iphuhlise umkhwa wokutshintsha isixhobo rhoqo.
Ngaba izixhobo ezigugile kakhulu ziyaqhubeka zisenziwa ngoomatshini?
Emva kokugqoka izixhobo ezinzima, amandla okusika anokunyuka ukuya kumaxesha amathathu aqhelekileyo.Amandla okusika anempembelelo ebalulekileyo kubomi benkonzo ye-electrode yokuphotha, kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kobomi benkonzo ye-spindle motor kunye ne-force inversely proportional kumandla wesithathu.Ngokomzekelo, xa amandla okusika anyuka ngamaxesha amathathu, ukuqhutyelwa kwemizuzu eyi-10 kufana nokusebenzisa i-spindle ye-10 * 33 = 270 imizuzu phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo.
Indlela yokumisela ubude bokwandiswa kwesixhobo ngexesha lomatshini olukhuni?
Imfutshane ubude bokwandiswa kwesixhobo, ngcono.Nangona kunjalo, kwi-machining yangempela, ukuba ifutshane kakhulu, ubude besixhobo kufuneka bulungiswe rhoqo, obunokuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle komatshini.Ngoko ubude bokwandiswa kwesixhobo sokusika bufanele ukulawulwa njani kumatshini wokwenene?Umgaqo umi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: φ Ibha yesixhobo enobubanzi be-3 inokucutshungulwa ngokuqhelekileyo ngokwandisa i-5mm.φ Ibha yokusika i-4-diameter inokusetyenzwa ngokuqhelekileyo ngokwandisa i-7mm.φ Ibha yokusika i-6-diameter inokucutshungulwa ngokuqhelekileyo ngokwandisa i-10mm.Zama ukufikelela ngaphantsi kwezi xabiso xa usika.Ukuba ubude besixhobo esiphezulu bukhulu kunexabiso elingentla, zama ukuyilawula ukuya kubunzulu bokucubungula xa isixhobo sinxiba.Oku kunzima ukukuqonda kwaye kufuna uqeqesho olungakumbi.
Indlela yokusingatha ukuphuka kwesixhobo ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokucubungula?
1) Misa umatshini kwaye ujonge inombolo yangoku ye-serial yomatshini.
2) Khangela ukuba kukho i-blade ephukileyo kwindawo yokusika, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, yisuse.
3) Hlalutya unobangela wesixhobo esaphukileyo, eyona nto ibalulekileyo.Kutheni isixhobo sophuka?Kufuneka sihlalutye kwizinto ezahlukeneyo ezichaphazela inkqubo ekhankanywe ngasentla.Kodwa isizathu sesixhobo esaphukileyo kukuba amandla kwisixhobo asanda ngokukhawuleza.Mhlawumbi ngumba wendlela, okanye kukho ukungcangcazela kwesixhobo esigqithisileyo, okanye kukho iibhloko eziqinileyo kwizinto eziphathekayo, okanye isantya semoto esisontayo asichanekanga.
4) Emva kokuhlalutya, buyisela isixhobo sokucubungula.Ukuba umendo awutshintshwanga, kufuneka kwenziwe inombolo enye phambi kwenani lokuqala.Ngeli xesha, kuyimfuneko ukubeka ingqalelo ekunciphiseni isantya sokutya.Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuqina kwikhefu lesixhobo kunzima, kwaye kukwayimfuneko ukwenza isixhobo sokungena ngaphakathi.
Indlela yokulungelelanisa iiparamitha zokuqhuba xa umatshini omdaka ungalunganga?
Ukuba ubomi besixhobo abunakuqinisekiswa ngesantya esifanelekileyo se-axis, xa uhlengahlengisa iiparamitha, lungisa ubunzulu bokusika kuqala, emva koko ulungelelanise isantya sokutya, kwaye emva koko ulungelelanise isantya sokutya okusecaleni kwakhona.(Qaphela: Ukulungelelanisa ubunzulu bokusika bunayo imida. Ukuba ubunzulu bokusika buncinci kwaye kukho iileya ezininzi kakhulu, ubugcisa bokusika ithiyori bunokuba buphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenzwa kwangempela kuchaphazeleka kwezinye izinto, kubangele ukucutshungulwa okuphantsi kakhulu. Ngeli xesha, kuyimfuneko ukutshintsha isixhobo sokusika kunye nesincinci sokulungiswa, kodwa ukusebenza kakuhle kokulungiswa kuphezulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubuncinci bokusika abukwazi ukuba ngaphantsi kwe-0.1mm.).
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-13-2023
