Ukunyangwa komphezulu yinkqubo yokwenza i-artificially layer kwi-surface ye-substrate material eyahlukileyo kwi-mechanical, physical and chemical properties of the substrate.Injongo yonyango lomphezulu kuhlangabezana nokuchasana nokugqwala, ukumelana nokugqoka, ukuhlobisa okanye ezinye iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zokusebenza kwemveliso.Ukuphoswa kwentsimbi, iindlela zonyango ezixhaphakileyo zisetyenziselwa ukugulisa ngoomatshini, unyango lwekhemikhali, unyango lobushushu bomphezulu, ukutshiza umphezulu, ukucocwa komphezulu kukucoca, ukucoca, ukucoca, ukukhupha igrisi, i-deoxide, njl njl.
I-Electrolysis yinkqubo apho i-chemical synthesis yezinto ezicoceke kakhulu kunye nonyango lwe-material surface luqhutywa yi-electrochemical reactions eyenzekayo kwi-interface phakathi kwe-electrode njengomqhubi we-electronic kunye ne-electrolyte njenge-ion conductor.
Ukukhazimliswa kubhekiselele kusetyenziso lwesenzo soomatshini, sekhemikhali okanye se-electrochemical ukunciphisa uburhabaxa bomphezulu wesixhobo sokusebenza ukuze kufumaneke indlela yokulungisa umphezulu oqaqambileyo nothe tyaba.Kukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokupholisa kunye namasuntswana abrasive okanye enye imidiya yokupholisa ukuguqula umphezulu womsebenzi.
Inkqubo ye-sandblasting isebenzisa umoya oxinyiweyo njengamandla okwenza i-jet beam ye-high-speed, kunye nokutshiza izinto zokutshiza kumphezulu we-workpiece ukuba icutshungulwe ngesantya esiphezulu, ukwenzela ukuba ukubonakala kwendawo yangaphandle ye-workpiece itshintshe.Ngenxa yempembelelo kunye nefuthe lokusika i-abrasive ebusweni bomsebenzi, indawo yokusebenza Fumana iqondo elithile lokucoceka kunye nobunzima obuhlukeneyo, ukwenzela ukuba iipropati ze-mechanical workpiece surface ziphuculwe.
I-oxidation ibhekisa ekukwazini kwento ukufumana ii-electron.Izinto ezikwimeko ephezulu ye-valence kunye nezinto ezisebenzayo ezingezizo ezentsimbi (ezifana ne-fluorine, iklorini, ioksijini, njl.njl.) ngokuqhelekileyo zi-oxidizing.Unyango lwe-oxidation yesinyithi kukusebenzisana kwendawo yesinyithi kunye neoksijini okanye i-oxidant ukwenza ifilimu ekhuselayo ye-oxide ukukhusela ukubola kwesinyithi.
I-Electroplating lunyango lomphezulu wesinyithi olubandakanya ukugquma umaleko obhityileyo wenye intsimbi okanye ingxubevange yesinyithi kwindawo yentsimbi ukuthintela ukubola kunye ne-oxidation yesixhobo sokusebenza, okanye ukutshintsha inkangeleko yayo.I-tin, i-nickel, i-zinc (i-galvanized) kunye ne-chromium zizo zonke iintsimbi ze-electroplating eziqhelekileyo, ngelixa i-copper kunye ne-carbon steel zezona zintsimbi zixhaphakileyo ezisebenzisa iinkqubo ze-electroplating.
Ukukrolwa kweLaser kukwenza amanqaku achanekileyo kunye nesigxina kwiintsimbi kunye neeplastiki ezithile.
Ukugaya ngesandla kunokususa amanqaku omatshini, ukuphelisa i-burrs ebusweni bamacandelo, imigca yokuvelisa kunye namanqaku okunamathela kunye nezinye iziphene zemveliso.I-flatness yamacandelo iya kuphuculwa kwaye uburhabaxa buya kuncitshiswa ukuze kufezekiswe ubuso obubonakalayo obubushelelezi kunye obuhambelanayo.