1.Kuyadingeka ukucacisa ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lomdwebo olutholakalayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umdwebo womhlangano, umdwebo we-schematic, umdwebo we-schematic, noma umdwebo wengxenye, ithebula le-BOM.Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaqembu okudweba zidinga ukuveza ulwazi oluhlukene nokugxila;
-Ngokucubungula ngomshini, ukukhethwa nokucushwa kwezinto ezilandelayo zokucubungula kuhilelekile
A. Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokusebenza
B. Ukukhethwa kwamathuluzi okwenza imishini;
C. Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezilungiswayo;
D. Icubungula izilungiselelo zohlelo nepharamitha:
E. Ukukhethwa kwamathuluzi okuhlola ikhwalithi;
2.Bheka into echazwe emdwebeni, okungukuthi, isihloko somdwebo;Nakuba wonke umuntu nazo zonke izinkampani zinemidwebo yazo, wonke umuntu ngokuyisisekelo ulandela izindinganiso kazwelonke ezifanele zokuklama.Iqembu lemidwebo lenziwa ukuze onjiniyela balibone.Uma kunezindawo eziningi ezikhethekile abanye abangaziqondi, kulahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwazo.Ngakho-ke, qala ngokubheka igama lento, inombolo, ubuningi, impahla (uma ikhona), isilinganiso, iyunithi, nolunye ulwazi kubha yesihloko (ekhoneni elingezansi kwesokudla);
3.Nquma isiqondiso sokubuka;Imidwebo ejwayelekile inokubuka okungenani okukodwa.Umqondo wokubuka ususelwa ekubonisweni kwejometri echazayo, ngakho-ke umqondo wemibono emithathu ye-Gita kufanele ucace, okuyisisekelo semidwebo yethu.Ukuqonda ubudlelwano phakathi kwemibono emidwebeni, singakwazi ukuveza isimo esijwayelekile somkhiqizo ngokusekelwe emidwebeni engeyona imigqa ye-Gita;Ngokomgomo wokuqagela, umumo wento ungamelwa ngokubeka into ngaphakathi kwanoma iyiphi i-quadrant.Indlela yokuthola umbono ohlongozwayo ngokuveza into ku-quadrant yokuqala ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi indlela yokuqagela ye-engeli yokuqala.Ngakho-ke, ngendlela efanayo, izindlela zokubonisa i-engeli yesibili, yesithathu, neyesine zingatholakala.
-Indlela yekona yokuqala isetshenziswa kakhulu emazweni aseYurophu (njenge-UK, Germany, Switzerland, njll.);
-Indlela ye-engeli yesithathu iyafana nendlela esibuka ngayo indawo yento, ngakho amazwe anjenge-United States neJapan asebenzisa le ndlela yokuqagela.
-Ngokuvumelana ne-CNSB1001 ejwayelekile kazwelonke yaseShayina, kokubili indlela ye-engeli yokuqala kanye nendlela ye-engeli yesithathu ziyasebenza, kodwa azikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi esisodwa kumdwebo ofanayo.
4.Isakhiwo esiyinhloko somkhiqizo ohambisanayo;Leli yiphuzu eliyinhloko lombono, elidinga ukuqoqwa kanye nekhono lokucabanga kwendawo;
5.Nquma ubukhulu bomkhiqizo;
6.Isakhiwo, izinto zokwakha, ukunemba, ukubekezelelana, izinqubo, ukuhwashala kwendawo, ukwelashwa kokushisa, ukwelashwa kwendawo, njll.
Kunzima kakhulu ukufunda ngokushesha ukufunda izithombe, kodwa akunakwenzeka.Kudingekile ukubeka isisekelo esiqinile futhi kancane kancane, ukugwema amaphutha emsebenzini, nokuxhumana imininingwane namakhasimende ngesikhathi esifanele;
Ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezingenhla zokucubungula, sidinga ukwazi ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi emdwebeni oluzothinta ukukhetha kwethu lezi zici zokucubungula, okuyilapho ubuchwepheshe bulele khona.
1. Izinto zokudweba ezithinta ukukhethwa kwemishini yokucubungula:
A. Isakhiwo nokubukeka kwezingxenye, kanye nemishini yokucubungula okuhlanganisa ukuphenduka, ukugaya, ukudala, ukugaya, ukulola, ukubhoboza, njll. Ezingxenyeni zohlobo lwe-shaft, sikhetha ukusebenzisa i-lathe ukwengeza izingxenye zohlobo lwebhokisi.Ngokuvamile, sikhetha ukusebenzisa umbhede wensimbi kanye ne-lathe ukuze sicubungule lawa makhono, okungamakhono omqondo ojwayelekile futhi afundeka kalula.
2. B. Impahla yezingxenye, empeleni, ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile kwezinto zezingxenye kuyibhalansi phakathi kokuqina kwemishini kanye nokunemba komshini.Yiqiniso, kukhona okunye okucatshangelwayo mayelana nezakhiwo zomzimba kanye namakhemikhali, kuyilapho kubhekwa ukukhululwa kokucindezeleka nokunye.Lena isayensi yasenyuvesi.
3. C. Ukunemba kwemishini yezingxenye kuvame ukuqinisekiswa ngokunemba kwemishini ngokwayo, kodwa futhi kuhlobene eduze nendlela yomshini.Isibonelo, uma kuqhathaniswa nemishini yokugaya, ubulukhuni obungaphezulu bemishini yokugaya bumpofu.Uma kuyisiqeshana somsebenzi esinezidingo eziphakeme zokuma okungaphezulu, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukucabangela imishini yokugaya.Eqinisweni, kunezinhlobo eziningi zemishini yokugaya, njengemishini yokugaya engaphezulu, imishini yokugaya i-cylindrical, imishini yokugaya engenasikhungo, imishini yokugaya isiqondiso, njll, Lokhu kudinga futhi ukufanisa isakhiwo nokuma kwezingxenye.
D. Izindleko zokucubungula izingxenye kanye nokulawulwa kwezindleko zokucubungula kungabhekwa njengenhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe kanye nokuphathwa kwendawo yomsebenzi wokucubungula imishini, okungeyona into abantu abavamile abangayithola.Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kudinga ukuqoqwa emsebenzini wangempela.Isibonelo, imfuneko yokucubungula okunzima kwemidwebo ingu-1.6, okungaba yinsimbi enhle noma ukugaya, kodwa ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula kanye nezindleko zalezi zibili zifana ngokuphelele, Ngakho-ke kuzoba nokuhweba nokukhetha.
2. Izakhi zokudweba ezithinta ukukhethwa kwamathuluzi omshini
A: Impahla yezingxenye kanye nohlobo lwento ngokwemvelo kudinga ukukhethwa kwamathuluzi okucubungula, ikakhulukazi ekucubunguleni umshini wokugaya.Izibonelo ezivamile zihlanganisa ukucubungula kwensimbi, ukucutshungulwa kwe-aluminium, ukucutshungulwa kwe-cast iron Q, njll. Ukukhethwa kwamathuluzi ezinto ezihlukahlukene kuhluke ngokuphelele, futhi izinto eziningi zinamathuluzi athile okucubungula.
B. Ukunemba komshini kwezingxenye kuvame ukuhlukaniswa kube imishini enzima, ukunemba okuncane, kanye nokwenza kahle ngesikhathi senqubo yokumaka.Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kwenqubo akukhona nje ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yemishini yezingxenye, kodwa futhi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwemishini nokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kokucindezeleka kwemishini.Ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle kwemishini kuhilela ukukhethwa kwamathuluzi okusika, amathuluzi okwenza imishini aqinile, namathuluzi okwenza imishini enembayo kancane, Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamathuluzi amancane okufaka u-L okunembile.Ukuqashisa nokwengeza u-L kuyindlela yesilinganiso esiphezulu esikabili yokulawula isisindo se-mercury kanye nokuguqulwa kwengcindezi.Ukwengeza u-L kancane ezimvini kuphumelela kakhulu ekulawuleni isisindo se-mercury nokuqinisekisa ukunemba kokucubungula.
C. Ukumataniswa kwemishini yokucubungula kanye nokukhethwa kwamathuluzi okucubungula nakho kuhlobene nezinto zokucubungula, ezifana nokusebenzisa imimese yensimbi yokucubungula umshini wensimbi, amathuluzi okuguqula ukucubungula i-lathe, namasondo okugaya okucubungula umshini wokugaya.Uhlobo ngalunye lokukhethwa kwamathuluzi lunolwazi lwayo oluthile nendlela yalo, futhi imingcele eminingi yobuchwepheshe ayikwazi ukuqondiswa ngokuqondile ithiyori, okuyinselelo enkulu konjiniyela bezinqubo.D. Izindleko zokucubungula izingxenye, Amathuluzi okusika amahle asho ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ikhwalithi enhle, kodwa futhi nokusetshenziswa kwezindleko eziphezulu, nokuthembela okuphezulu emishinini yokucubungula;Nakuba amathuluzi okusika ampofu anokusebenza kahle okuphansi futhi kunzima ukulawula ikhwalithi, izindleko zawo ziyalawuleka futhi zifaneleka kakhulu ukucubungula imishini.Yiqiniso, ezinqubweni zokunemba okuphezulu kwemishini, ukwanda kwezindleko zokucubungula akukwazi ukulawulwa.
3. Izakhi zokudweba ezithinta ukukhethwa kwezinto zokulungisa imishini
A. Isakhiwo nokubukeka kwezingxenye ngokuvamile kusekelwe ngokuphelele ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo, futhi ngisho nenani elikhulu lezinto ezilungiswayo likhethekile.Lokhu futhi kuyisici esibalulekile esikhawulela ukuzenzakalelayo komshini.Eqinisweni, ohlelweni lokwakha amafekthri ahlakaniphile, inkinga enkulu enqubweni yokucubungula i-automation ukwakhiwa kwe-automation kanye nendawo yonke, okungenye yezinselelo ezinkulu zonjiniyela bokuklama.
B. Ngokuvamile, uma kuphezulu ukunemba komshini kwengxenye, kudingeka ukuthi ukulungiswa kwemishini kunembe kakhudlwana.Lokhu kunemba kubonakala ezicini ezihlukahlukene ezinjengokuqina, ukunemba, nokuphathwa kwesakhiwo, futhi kufanele kube into ekhethekile.Izinhloso ezijwayelekile kufanele zibe nokunemba ekunembeni komshini kanye nesakhiwo, ngakho-ke kukhona ukuhwebelana okukhulu mayelana nalokhu.
C. Ukwakhiwa kwenqubo yokucubungula izingxenye, nakuba imidwebo ingabonisi ukugeleza kwenqubo, ingahlulelwa ngokusekelwe emidwebeni.Lokhu kuyinkomba yamakhono abasebenzi abangebona i-EWBV L1200 kanye ne-00, okuyingxenye kanjiniyela wokuklama,
4. Izinto zokudweba ezithinta izinhlelo zokucubungula kanye nezilungiselelo zepharamitha
A. Isakhiwo kanye nokuma kwezingxenye kunquma ukukhethwa kwamathuluzi omshini kanye nemishini, kanye nokukhethwa kwezindlela zomshini namathuluzi okusika, okungathinta ukuhlelwa kwezinhlelo zemishini kanye nokusetha imingcele yemishini.
B. Ukunemba komshini, uhlelo, kanye nemingcele yezingxenye ekugcineni kudingeka kunikeze ukunemba komshini wezingxenye, ngakho-ke ukunemba komshini wezingxenye ekugcineni kudinga ukuqinisekiswa yimingcele yemishini yohlelo.
C. Izidingo zobuchwepheshe zezingxenye empeleni ziboniswa emidwebeni eminingi, engabonisi nje kuphela izici zesakhiwo, ukunemba kwejometri, nokubekezelelana kwejometri kwezingxenye, kodwa futhi kuhilela izidingo ezithile zobuchwepheshe, njengokwelashwa kokucisha, ukwelashwa ngopende, ukwelashwa kokucindezeleka. , njll. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nezinguquko ekucubunguleni amapharamitha
5. Izakhi zokudweba ezithinta ukukhethwa kwamathuluzi okuhlola ikhwalithi
A. Isakhiwo nokubukeka kwezingxenye, kanye nekhwalithi yokucubungula yezingxenye, kungaphansi kokuhlolwa.Abahloli bekhwalithi, njengabantu abagunyaziwe, bangakwazi ngempela ukwenza lo msebenzi, kodwa bathembele kumathuluzi okuhlola ahambisanayo namathuluzi.Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yezingxenye eziningi akukwazi ukunqunywa ngeso lenyama kuphela
B. Ukunemba komshini kanye nokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kwekhwalithi yezingxenye kufanele kuqedwe ngemishini yokuhlola ikhwalithi enembe kakhulu, efana nemishini yokulinganisa edidiyelwe, amathuluzi okulinganisa ngelaser, njll. Izidingo zokunemba komshini wemidwebo zinquma ngokuqondile izindinganiso zokumisa amathuluzi okuhlola.
C. Izidingo zobuchwepheshe zezingxenye zihambisana nezidingo ezahlukene zobuchwepheshe kanye nekhwalithi, futhi amathuluzi okuhlola ahlukene adinga ukulungiselelwa ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi okuhambisanayo.Isibonelo, ukulinganisa ubude, singasebenzisa ama-calipers, amarula, izixhumanisi ezintathu, njalonjalo.Ukuhlola ubulukhuni, singasebenzisa umhloli wokuqina.Ukuze kuhlolwe ubushelelezi bendawo, singasebenzisa isihloli sokuqina noma isiqhathaniso sokuqina, njalo njalo.Okungenhla izindawo ezimbalwa zokungena ukuze siqonde umdwebo, okungamakhono ochwepheshe onjiniyela bemishini.Ngala maphuzu wokungena, singakwazi ukuqonda kangcono futhi sihumushe umdwebo, futhi sihlanganise izidingo zomdwebo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-13-2023
